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	<title>Removal / Deportation Archives - Law Office of Aaron M. Morrison</title>
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	<description>Los Angeles Immigration &#38; Nationality Law Services</description>
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		<title>¿Cómo Puedo “Limpiar Mi Registro” Para Propósitos De Inmigración?</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/como-puedo-limpiar-mi-registro-para-propositos-de-inmigracion/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=como-puedo-limpiar-mi-registro-para-propositos-de-inmigracion</link>
					<comments>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/como-puedo-limpiar-mi-registro-para-propositos-de-inmigracion/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2019 02:11:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Criminal Immigration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=318</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Un problema común que enfrentan los no ciudadanos que buscan obtener o mantener un estado legal permanente es cómo calificar para los beneficios de inmigración con antecedentes penales. Aquí, las consecuencias son drásticas. De hecho, una sola condena por drogas puede hacer que un inmigrante en estado ilegal no sea elegible para la mayoría de [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Un problema común que enfrentan los no ciudadanos que buscan obtener o mantener un estado legal permanente es cómo calificar para los beneficios de inmigración con antecedentes penales. Aquí, las consecuencias son drásticas. De hecho, una sola condena por drogas puede hacer que un inmigrante en estado ilegal no sea elegible para la mayoría de las formas de alivio de inmigración y que un residente permanente legal (&#8220;residente&#8221;) sea deportable, incluso si la condena ocurrió hace años. Lo mismo es potencialmente cierto para las condenas penales relacionadas con robo, armas de fuego, violencia doméstica y cualquier otro delito que implique depravación moral. Además, una condena penal puede descalificar a una persona bajo custodia de inmigración para obtener una fianza de inmigración.</p>
<p>En tales casos, las personas a menudo buscan &#8220;limpiar&#8221; sus antecedentes penales con el fin de calificar para los beneficios de inmigración. Esto se conoce como “alivio posterior a la condena”. Aunque la ley de California (como la mayoría de los estados) ofrece una variedad de mecanismos posteriores a la condena, no todos son válidos según la ley federal de inmigración. Por ejemplo, las supresiones otorgadas bajo los estatutos de rehabilitación del estado generalmente no están reconocidas por la ley de inmigración. [1] Las supresiones bajo la ley de California son una forma de &#8220;alivio de rehabilitación&#8221; y generalmente se otorgan a individuos una vez que satisfacen los términos de su libertad condicional. El tribunal penal del estado anula un veredicto del jurado o permite que el acusado retire su declaración de culpabilidad / no impugnación y se desestime el caso. [2] Sin embargo, (aparte de algunas excepciones muy limitadas [3]), la ofensa expurgada seguirá siendo una condena para propósitos de inmigración y el solicitante de beneficios de inmigración continuará sufriendo las consecuencias adversas de la condena, lo que a menudo puede significar la deportación.</p>
<p>Por el contrario, una moción para anular una condena penal que se otorga en base a motivos constitucionales generalmente se reconoce en la ley de inmigración. Esto requerirá que un acusado criminal demuestre ante el tribunal penal que sus derechos en virtud de la Constitución fueron violados durante el curso de su proceso penal. Por ejemplo, la Corte Suprema de los EE. UU. Ha sostenido que un abogado de defensa penal tiene el deber en virtud de la Sexta Enmienda de la Constitución de informar a los acusados ​​del riesgo de deportación derivado de una declaración de culpabilidad o de no impugnación. [4] Por lo tanto, si el acusado puede demostrar que su abogado defensor no brindó el asesoramiento adecuado con respecto a las consecuencias de inmigración de su declaración de culpabilidad (o prestó asistencia constitucionalmente ineficaz a un abogado por cualquier otra razón) y que, como resultado, el acusado fue perjudicado, el tribunal penal debe desalojar la declaración y sentencia. En este cenario, la moción de desalojo es válida según la ley federal de inmigración y el acusado ya no debe tener una condena por propósitos de inmigración. [5] De manera similar, la mayoría de los estados (incluido California) requieren que el tribunal de primera instancia, al tomar la declaración de un acusado criminal, informe al acusado que dicha declaración puede resultar en deportación, exclusión de los EE. UU. o denegación de la ciudadanía. [6] Si un acusado criminal puede demostrar que el tribunal penal no dio las advertencias de inmigración obligatorias, el motivo debe ser anulado y la sentencia debe ser anulada. Una condena anulada por este motivo se reconoce en la ley de inmigración. [7]</p>
<p>Como puede ver, &#8220;limpiar&#8221; los antecedentes penales de una persona con fines de inmigración es un área de la ley muy compleja que requiere un análisis sofisticado de los antecedentes penales y el historial de inmigración de una persona. Además, hay limitaciones de tiempo estrictas que rigen el alivio posterior a la condena. Por lo tanto, si está enfrentando consecuencias de inmigración adversas derivadas de una condena penal, debe consultar con un abogado con experiencia lo antes posible para explorar sus opciones para el alivio posterior a la condena.</p>
<p>[1] <em>Matter of Roldan</em>, 22 I&amp;N, Dec. 512 (BIA 1999) (“Acciones de rehabilitación del estado que no anulan una condena por mérito o por cualquier motivo relacionado con la violación de un derecho legal o constitucional en el proceso penal subyacente no tienen ningún efecto para determinar si un extranjero se considera condenado por motivos de inmigración &#8220;.</p>
<p>[2] El Código Penal de California §1203.4.</p>
<p>[3] En los casos que surjan dentro de la jurisdicción del Noveno Circuito (que cubre California, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Hawái, Idaho, Montana y Oregón) y en lo que respecta a condenas ocurridas antes del 14 de julio de 2011, se eliminó primero la condena por el simple hecho de poseer una sustancia controlada es válida para propósitos de inmigración siempre que la persona no haya violado su libertad condicional. Ver Nunez-Reyes v. Holder, 646 F.3d 684 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc). De manera similar, una condena expurgada no descalifica automáticamente a un solicitante de Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia (&#8220;DACA&#8221;), aunque los Servicios de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los EE. UU. todavía pueden negar la solicitud como una cuestión de discreción. Vea Preguntas frecuentes, Consideración de acción diferida para el proceso de llegada de niños (sitio web de USCIS) en: <a href="http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-process/frequently-asked-questions">http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-process/frequently-asked-questions</a></p>
<p>[4] <em>Padilla V. Kentucky</em>, 559 U.S. 356 (2010).</p>
<p>[5] <em>Matter of Adamiak</em>, 23 I&amp;N, Dec. 878 (BIA 2006).</p>
<p>[6] El Código Penal de California §1016.5.</p>
<p>[7] <em>Matter of Adamiak</em>, 23 I&amp;N, Dec 878 (BIA 2006).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>An earlier English version of this article can be found here:  https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/how-can-i-clean-my-record-for-immigration-purposes/</em></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>5 COSAS QUE NECESITA SABER SOBRE LAS CONSECUENCIAS INMIGRATORIAS DEMASIADAMENTE EXTREMAS DE LAS CONVICCIONES DE DROGA</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/5-cosas-que-necesita-saber-sobre-las-consecuencias-inmigratorias-demasiadamente-extremas-de-las-convicciones-de-droga/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=5-cosas-que-necesita-saber-sobre-las-consecuencias-inmigratorias-demasiadamente-extremas-de-las-convicciones-de-droga</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2019 01:54:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Criminal Immigration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=314</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[1. Una condena por drogas no tiene qué ser un delito grave para desencadenar la deportación. De hecho, una condena por un delito menor por simple posesión o estar bajo la influencia de una sustancia controlada es potencialmente suficiente para desterrar a uno permanentemente de los Estados Unidos. Según la ley de inmigración de EE. [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>1. Una condena por drogas no tiene qué ser un delito grave para desencadenar la deportación.</strong></p>
<p>De hecho, una condena por un delito menor por simple posesión o estar bajo la influencia de una sustancia controlada es potencialmente suficiente para desterrar a uno permanentemente de los Estados Unidos. Según la ley de inmigración de EE. UU., cualquier condena relacionada con una sustancia controlada tal como se define en la ley federal es un delito potencialmente deportable.</p>
<p><strong>2. Una condena por drogas que involucre la venta de una sustancia controlada es probablemente un &#8220;delito grave agravado&#8221; según la ley de inmigración, la clasificación de delitos más graves con las sanciones de inmigración más severas.</strong></p>
<p>Esencialmente, cualquier delito de drogas con un &#8220;elemento de tráfico&#8221; es un delito grave agravado. Las personas condenadas por delitos graves agravados por el tráfico de drogas no son elegibles para ninguna de las formas de alivio de inmigración discrecional de la deportación, incluyendo la cancelación de remoción, asilo, el ajuste de estatus y la salida voluntaria. Para entender lo que eso significa, considere el caso de un residente permanente legal (titular de la &#8220;residencia&#8221;) que es condenado por un delito grave de drogas no agravado, por ejemplo, simple posesión de cocaína. Aunque es un delito deportable, no es un delito grave agravado y la persona aún podría mantener su tarjeta de residencia solicitando la cancelación de la expulsión- una forma de alivio disponible para los residentes permanentes legales que han tenido su tarjeta de residencia durante al menos cinco años, residió en los EE. UU. de forma continua durante al menos 7 años después de haber sido admitido en cualquier estatus y que no haya sido condenado por un delito grave agravado. En tales casos, un Juez de Inmigración tiene discreción para &#8220;cancelar&#8221; la deportación y permitir que el solicitante se quede con su tarjeta verde. El solicitante puede presentar pruebas y testimonios con respecto a los lazos familiares con los Estados Unidos, antecedentes laborales, servicios a la comunidad, rehabilitación y dificultades en caso de deportación. Por el contrario, no es disponible tal alivio para una persona condenada por delito grave de tráfico de drogas. A menudo, la única forma de alivio disponible para las personas condenadas por un delito de narcotráfico es la protección en virtud de la Convención contra la Tortura- una aplicación muy difícil de ser aprobada, ya que requiere pruebas de que el solicitante es más probable a que no, sufrir tortura por o con la asistencia del gobierno si es removido.</p>
<p><strong>3. Personas que no son ciudadanos que se encuentran bajo custodia de inmigración como resultado de condenas no violentas por drogas están sujetos a detención obligatoria y deben permanecer detenidos mientras dure su proceso de expulsión.</strong></p>
<p>La convicción de drogas no tiene que ser una que involucre la venta de una sustancia controlada. Una condena por un delito menor por simple posesión o estar bajo la influencia de una sustancia controlada es suficiente para activar las disposiciones de detención obligatoria. A la inversa, una sola condena por delito menor por violencia doméstica o robo (donde la sentencia es inferior a 180 días) no descalifica a un inmigrante detenido para obtener fianza. Tampoco lo hace un delito menor por conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol.</p>
<p><strong>4. Las personas condenadas por robo o violencia doméstica tienen más posibilidades de calificar para su residencia que las personas que han sido condenadas por delitos de drogas no violentos.</strong></p>
<p>Las personas indocumentadas que solicitan una tarjeta de residencia basada en una petición basada en la familia o el empleo deben demostrar que son admisibles en los Estados Unidos. Un simple delito de posesión de drogas no violento hace que una persona que no es ciudadano sea inadmisible en los Estados Unidos. De manera similar, una condena por un delito que involucra bajeza moral (que generalmente incluye robo, violencia doméstica, asalto agravado y delitos de fraude) también hace que una persona que no sea ciudadano sea inadmisible. Sin embargo, la inadmisibilidad que se derive de los delitos que involucran bajeza moral puede ser suspendida si el solicitante demuestra que (1) la condena ocurrió hace más de 15 años y el solicitante es rehabilitado y no representa un peligro para el bienestar nacional, la seguridad o la seguridad de los Estados Unidos; o (2) la deportación o exclusión resultaría en dificultades extremas para un cónyuge, padre o hijo del solicitante que es ciudadano estadounidense o residente permanente legal. A la inversa, los delitos de drogas no se pueden suspender, excepto en el caso de una sola condena por posesión simple de 30 gramos o menos de marihuana. En efecto, la ley de inmigración de los Estados Unidos es más indulgente en el caso de la violencia doméstica que en relación con los delitos no violentos relacionados con las drogas.</p>
<p><strong>5. El gobierno tiene la carga de establecer mediante pruebas claras y convincentes que un residente permanente legal ha sido condenado por un delito deportable.</strong></p>
<p>No toda condena por drogas es un delito deportable. La condena debe constituir un delito punible bajo la ley federal. En lo que respecta a los delitos relacionados con las drogas, la mayoría de las personas son procesadas en virtud de la ley penal estatal, que a menudo regula una formación más amplia de sustancias controladas que la que se castiga bajo la ley federal. Si ha sido condenado por un delito de drogas y ahora enfrenta cargos de deportación, es una carga del gobierno demostrarle al Juez de Inmigración que ha sido condenado por un delito de drogas punible según la ley federal. Al tomar esta determinación, un Juez de Inmigración solo puede consultar el idioma del estatuto bajo el cual fue condenado y un conjunto muy limitado y específico de registros de la corte en su expediente penal. Esto generalmente no incluye informes de la policía o informes de libertad condicional. Nuevamente, ICE debe establecer que usted es removible por medio de evidencia clara y convincente. Cuando el registro es vago e inconcluso, el gobierno no cumple con su carga y los procedimientos de remoción deben terminarse. Si se enfrenta a la deportación como resultado de una condena por drogas, llame a nuestra oficina hoy para una consulta inicial para proteger sus derechos y comenzar a explorar sus opciones.</p>
<p>***************************************************************************</p>
<p><em>An earlier English version of this article can be found here: https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/5-things-you-need-to-know-regarding-the-extremely-harsh-immigration-consequences-of-drug-convictions/</em></p>
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		<title>WHAT TO CONSIDER IF YOU HAVE BEEN PLACED IN REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/what-to-consider-if-you-have-been-placed-in-removal-proceedings/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=what-to-consider-if-you-have-been-placed-in-removal-proceedings</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2019 04:04:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=311</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The purpose of a deportation (removal) hearing is for an immigration judge to determine whether the person summoned to court (the “respondent”) can remain in the United States legally. There are at least three things to keep in mind if you have been placed in removal proceedings. First, although you have a right to be [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The purpose of a deportation (removal) hearing is for an immigration judge to determine whether the person summoned to court (the “respondent”) can remain in the United States legally. There are at least three things to keep in mind if you have been placed in removal proceedings.</p>
<p>First, although you have a right to be represented by an attorney, the government is under no obligation to provide you with one. There is no “public defender” for immigration deportation hearings. Therefore, it is up to you to hire an immigration attorney to represent you.</p>
<p>Second, you must attend all of your immigration hearings. Failure to appear (unless justified by extraordinary circumstances) will result in the Court issuing a deportation order against you. And at that point, ICE can arrest and ultimately remove you from the U.S. at anytime. So even if you have not retained an attorney, you must still appear for your immigration hearing.</p>
<p>Third, because there is so much at stake in removal proceedings, you should consult with a licensed attorney with particular experience and expertise in removal defense to explore your options and how best to avoid deportation. You want an attorney who regularly appears in immigration court and is familiar with the judges and government attorneys.</p>
<p>If you or a family member have been placed in removal proceedings, contact us now to schedule a consultation so we can explore all potential defenses and options for relief.</p>
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		<title>QUÉ CONSIDERAR SI HA SIDO COLOCADO EN PROCEDIMIENTOS DE REMOCIÓN</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/que-considerar-si-ha-sido-colocado-en-procedimientos-de-remocion/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=que-considerar-si-ha-sido-colocado-en-procedimientos-de-remocion</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2019 03:59:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=309</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[El propósito de una audiencia de deportación (remoción) es que un juez de inmigración determine si la persona convocada a la corte (el &#8220;demandado&#8221;) puede permanecer legalmente en los Estados Unidos. Hay al menos tres cosas que debe tener en cuenta si ha sido colocado en un proceso de deportación. • Primero, aunque tiene el [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>El propósito de una audiencia de deportación (remoción) es que un juez de inmigración determine si la persona convocada a la corte (el &#8220;demandado&#8221;) puede permanecer legalmente en los Estados Unidos. Hay al menos tres cosas que debe tener en cuenta si ha sido colocado en un proceso de deportación.</p>
<p>• Primero, aunque tiene el derecho de ser representado por un abogado, el gobierno no tiene la obligación de proporcionarle uno. No hay un &#8220;defensor público&#8221; para las audiencias de deportación de inmigración. Por lo tanto, depende de usted contratar a un abogado de inmigración para que lo represente.<br />
• Segundo, debe asistir a todas sus audiencias de inmigración. Si no se presenta (a menos que esté justificado por circunstancias extraordinarias), el Tribunal emitirá una orden de deportación en su contra. Y en ese momento, ICE puede arrestarlo y, finalmente, retirarlo de los EE. UU. en cualquier momento. Entonces, incluso si no ha contratado a un abogado, debe presentarse para su audiencia de inmigración.<br />
• Tercero, debido a que hay mucho en juego en los procedimientos de remoción, debe consultar a un abogado con licencia con experiencia particular y experto en defensa de remoción para explorar sus opciones y la mejor manera de evitar deportación. Usted quiere un abogado que aparezca regularmente en corte de inmigración y tambien que esté familiarizado con los jueces y los abogados del gobierno.</p>
<p>Si usted o un miembro de su familia han sido sometidos a un proceso de deportación, contáctenos ahora para programar una consulta y podamos explorar todas las defensas potenciales y las opciones de alivio.</p>
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		<title>Conozca Sus Derechos: Si ICE Visita Su Hogar</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/conozca-sus-derechos-si-ice-visita-su-hogar/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=conozca-sus-derechos-si-ice-visita-su-hogar</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Mar 2017 03:38:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=271</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Conozca Sus Derechos: Si ICE Visita Su Hogar Todas las personas viviendo dentro de los Estados Unidos, incluyendo a inmigrantes indocumentados, tienen ciertos derechos según la Constitución de los EE.UU. Si usted es indocumentado y oficiales de inmigración (ICE) tocan la puerta, sepa que tiene los siguientes derechos: No abra la puerta. Usted no tiene [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Conozca Sus Derechos: Si ICE Visita Su Hogar</strong></p>
<p>Todas las personas viviendo dentro de los Estados Unidos, incluyendo a inmigrantes indocumentados, tienen ciertos derechos según la Constitución de los EE.UU. Si usted es indocumentado y oficiales de inmigración (ICE) tocan la puerta, sepa que tiene los siguientes derechos:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>No abra la puerta. </strong>Usted no tiene que abrir la puerta o dejar entrar a su hogar a los oficiales de inmigración, a menos que tengan una orden judicial válida y firmada por un juez.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Una orden de deportación de ICE no es igual a una orden judicial. Si la orden de deportación es el único documento que tienen, ICE no puede entrar legalmente a su casa a menos que usted de consentimiento para entrar.</li>
<li>Si los oficiales dicen que tienen una orden judicial firmada por un juez, pida que la pasen por debajo de la puerta o que se la demuestren por la ventana para que usted la vea.</li>
<li>Si su nombre y dirección están incorrectos en la orden judicial y no está firmada por un juez, no abra la puerta nideje entrar a los oficiales.</li>
<li>Si en algún momento usted decide hablar con los oficiales, usted no tiene que abrir la puerta para hacerlo. Puede hablar con ellos por la puerta o puede salir y cerrar la puerta detrás de usted.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>Tiene el derecho de guardar silencio. </strong>Usted no necesita hablar con los oficiales de inmigración o responder a las preguntas que le hagan.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Si le preguntan dónde nació o cómo entró a los Estados Unidos, usted puede negarse a contestar o puede guardar silencio.</li>
<li>Si usted decide guardar silencio, dígaselo en voz alta a los oficiales.</li>
<li>Usted puede demostrar una tarjeta de información de conocimiento de sus derechos al oficial, la cual explica que usted está ejercitando su derecho de mantener el silencio y que desea consultar con un abogado.</li>
<li>Usted puede negarse a presentar documentos de identidad que indican su país de origen.</li>
<li>No presente ningún documento falso y no mienta.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>Tiene el derecho de hablar con un abogado. </strong>Si lo detienen o lo toman en custodia, usted tiene el derecho de contactar a un abogado inmediatamente.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Aunque no tenga abogado, usted les puede decir a los oficiales de inmigración que desea hablar con un abogado.</li>
<li>Si usted tiene un abogado, tiene el derecho de consultar con él/ella. Si tiene un Formulario G-28 firmado, lo cual demuestra que usted tiene abogado, entrégueselo al oficial.</li>
<li>Si usted no tiene abogado, pida una lista de abogados sin costo (“pro bono”) al oficial de inmigración.</li>
<li>Usted también tiene el derecho de llamar a su consulado. El consulado podrá asistirle en localizar a un abogado.</li>
<li>Usted puede negarse a firmar cualquier documento hasta que haya tenido la oportunidad de consultar con un abogado.</li>
<li>Si usted elige firmar algo sin consultar con un abogado, asegúrese de que entiende exactamente lo que el documento dice y lo que significa antes de firmarlo.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>El contenido de este documento no constituye consejo legal.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Know Your Rights: If ICE Visits Your Home</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/know-rights-ice-visits-home/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=know-rights-ice-visits-home</link>
					<comments>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/know-rights-ice-visits-home/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Mar 2017 08:33:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=269</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Know Your Rights: If ICE Visits Your Home All people living in the United States, including undocumented immigrants, have certain U.S. Constitutional rights. If you are undocumented and immigration (ICE) agents knock on your door, know that you have the following rights: You do not have to open the door. You do not have to [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Know Your Rights: If ICE Visits Your Home</strong></p>
<p>All people living in the United States, including undocumented immigrants, have certain U.S. Constitutional rights. If you are undocumented and immigration (ICE) agents knock on your door, know that you have the following rights:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>You do not have to open the door</strong>. You do not have to open the door or let the officers into your home unless they have a valid search warrant signed by a judge.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>An ICE deportation warrant is not the same as a search warrant. If this is the only document they have, they cannot legally come inside unless you verbally agree to let them in.</li>
<li>If the officers say they have a search warrant signed by a judge, ask them to slide it under the door or hold it up to a window so you can see it.</li>
<li>If the warrant does not have your correct name and address on it <strong>and </strong>is not signed by a judge you do not have to open the door or let them inside.</li>
<li>If at any point you decide to speak with the officers, you do not need to open the door to do so. You can speak to them through the door or step outside and close the door.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>You have the right to remain silent</strong>. You do not need to speak to the immigration officers or answer any questions.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>If you are asked where you were born or how you entered the United States, you may refuse to answer or remain silent.</li>
<li>If you choose to remain silent, say so out loud.</li>
<li>You may show a know-your-rights card to the officer that explains that you will remain silent and wish to speak to a lawyer.</li>
<li>You may refuse to show identity documents that say what country you are from.</li>
<li>Do not show any false documents and do not lie.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>You have the right to speak to a lawyer</strong>. If you are detained or taken into custody, you have the right to immediately contact a lawyer.</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Even if you do not have a lawyer, you may tell the immigration officers that you want to speak to one.</li>
<li>If you have a lawyer, you have the right to talk to them. If you have a signed Form G-28, which shows you have a lawyer, give it to an officer.</li>
<li>If you do not have a lawyer, ask an immigration officer for a list of pro bono lawyers.</li>
<li>You also have the right to contact your consulate. The consulate may be able to assist you in locating a lawyer.</li>
<li>You can refuse to sign any/all paperwork until you have had the opportunity to speak to a lawyer.</li>
<li>If you choose to sign something without speaking to a lawyer, be sure you understand exactly what the document says and means before you sign it.</li>
</ul>
<p>The contents of this document does not constitute legal advice.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>A New California Law Will Make It Easier For Immigrants To Cure The Harsh Immigration Consequences Of Their Criminal Convictions</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/new-california-law-will-make-easier-immigrants-seeking-cure-harsh-consequences-criminal-convictions-immigration-status/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=new-california-law-will-make-easier-immigrants-seeking-cure-harsh-consequences-criminal-convictions-immigration-status</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2016 20:57:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Criminal Immigration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=260</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Effective January 1, 2017, a new California law will ease the requirements for immigrants seeking to vacate their criminal convictions on substantive grounds. Under California Penal Code section 1473.7, non-citizens will be permitted to file a motion to vacate a conviction or sentence based on either one of two claims: (1) a prejudicial error damaging [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Effective January 1, 2017, a new California law will ease the requirements for immigrants seeking to <em>vacate</em> their criminal convictions on substantive grounds. Under California Penal Code section 1473.7, non-citizens will be permitted to file a motion to vacate a conviction or sentence based on either one of two claims: (1) a prejudicial error damaging the defendant’s ability to meaningfully understand, defend against, or knowingly accept the actual or potential adverse immigration consequences of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, or (2) newly discovered evidence of actual innocence. The statute permits individuals to file motions to vacate in situations where prior defense counsel failed to properly advise the defendant regarding the specific immigration consequences of the plea and/or failed to defend against the immigration consequences of a given plea by seeking an immigration-safe disposition.</p>
<p>Although California law has for years imposed a duty on criminal defense attorneys to advise their clients regarding the specific immigration consequences of a plea<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1">[i]</a>, a substantial legal barrier impeded defendants who received bad legal advice from challenging the validity of their convictions based on the ineffective assistance of their criminal defense attorneys. In 2009 the California Supreme Court held that defendants could only raise claims of ineffective assistance of counsel in a petition for writ of habeas corpus.<a href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2">[ii]</a> The problem with the Court’s decision is that such petitions have traditionally required a petitioner to be in actual or constructive custody. Because many immigrants did not learn of the drastic immigration consequences of their pleas until many years after their convictions (and therefore after being released from custody), they could not satisfy the custody requirement for habeas corpus. Thus, for many non-citizens seeking to challenge their convictions based on ineffective of counsel, post conviction relief was often not an option. Section 1473.7 however specifically allows a motion to be filed whether or not the individual is in custody, therefore potentially extending post conviction relief to many defendants who would not have qualified before.</p>
<p>If you believe that you might qualify for post conviction relief under section 1473.7, it is imperative that you consult with an attorney as soon as possible as the statute requires individuals to act with “due diligence” in filing under this section.</p>
<p><em>The information contained in this blog is not intended to constitute legal advice for any individual case or situation. This information is general and should not be relied on for any specific case. In order to obtain advice concerning your specific situation, contact an experienced immigration attorney for a personal consultation. </em></p>
<p><a href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1">[i]</a> <em>See Padilla v. Kentucky</em>, 559 U.S. 356 (2010);<em> People v. Soriano</em>, 194 Cal.App.3d 1470 (1987); <em>In re Resendiz</em>, 25Cal.4th 230 (2001); <em>People v. Bautista</em>, 8 Cal. Rptr. 3d 862 (2004); Cal. Pen. C. §§1016.2, 1016.3.</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2">[ii]</a> <em>See People v. Kim, </em>45 Cal.4th 1078 (2009).</p>
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		<title>The Story of Junior Francisco, A Lawful Permanent Resident Of The United States With Deep Family Roots In This Country, Underscores The Vicious Stupidity Of U.S. Immigration Policy Towards Non-Violent Drug Offenders</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/story-junior-francisco-lawful-permanent-resident-united-states-deep-family-roots-country-underscores-vicious-stupidity-u-s-immigration-policy-towards-non-violent/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=story-junior-francisco-lawful-permanent-resident-united-states-deep-family-roots-country-underscores-vicious-stupidity-u-s-immigration-policy-towards-non-violent</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2016 06:52:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Criminal Immigration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Detention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=236</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Junior Francisco, a native and citizen of the Dominican Republic is the spouse of a United States Citizen and father of three minor children (all of whom were born in the U.S.). In 2008, Francisco (who initially arrived in the U.S. in 2003) obtained lawful permanent status through an immigrant visa petition filed by his [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Junior Francisco, a native and citizen of the Dominican Republic is the spouse of a United States Citizen and father of three minor children (all of whom were born in the U.S.). In 2008, Francisco (who initially arrived in the U.S. in 2003) obtained lawful permanent status through an immigrant visa petition filed by his wife. In 2012, (based on the advice of his attorney), Francisco pled guilty to an offense involving conspiracy to sell cocaine. (Apparently Francisco, depressed and desperate after having lost his job, arranged for an acquaintance of his to sell cocaine to an undercover police officer). As a consequence of his plea, Francisco soon began serving a 51-month sentence in Federal prison. However, in 2014, the U.S. Sentencing Commission reduced the sentencing penalties for many drug offenses and made this policy retroactive. In November of 2015, the U.S. Attorney’s Office in New Jersey agreed that Francisco was eligible to have his sentence reduced by 10 months because he was not a threat to public safety. Although Francisco was subsequently released from prison, he has yet to experience the freedom that he thought would result from his sentence reduction. To the contrary, Francisco was one of the many non-violent drug offenders promptly transferred to an immigration detention facility after serving their criminal sentences. He now faces imminent deportation as result of his drug offense – his only criminal conviction in the approximately twelve years he has resided in the United States.   According to a recent article in <em>The Guardian</em>, Francisco’s lawyers prepared a voluminous and highly documented request that immigration authorities exercise “prosecutorial discretion” based on the “compelling circumstances” in his case and allow Francisco to remain with his family in the United States.<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1">[i]</a> But alas, last week, Francisco’s lawyer received a one-sentence response (literally) via email from Mary Elizabeth Cedillo-Pereira, a senior advisor to Immigration Customs and Enforcement explaining that Francisco’s case had been reviewed and that “prosecutorial discretion would not be exercised.”<a href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2">[ii]</a> And so Francisco, who remains in immigration detention, will in all likelihood be ordered removed from the United States at his next immigration hearing.</p>
<p>Now one might wonder whether an Immigration Judge has any authority to grant Francisco relief from deportation. After all, in determining whether to issue an order of removal, can’t the Judge consider Francisco’s ties to this country and the hardship that would result from his removal from the United States?  To answer that question requires a brief examination of the specific immigration consequences stemming from Francisco’s conspiracy to sell cocaine conviction. First, such conviction is most likely a “drug trafficking” aggravated felony under Immigration Law, a classification that carries the harshest consequences for non-citizens and forecloses virtually all forms of discretionary immigration relief.<a href="#_edn3" name="_ednref3">[iii]</a> An aggravated felony disqualifies a lawful permanent resident such as Francisco from applying for “cancellation of removal,” an application that if granted allows an Immigration Judge discretion to waive certain grounds of deportation and in essence forgive non-citizens for their mistakes, allowing them to keep their green cards under certain circumstances.<a href="#_edn4" name="_ednref4">[iv]</a> An aggravated felony also disqualifies a non-citizen from seeking asylum and in most cases a related form of relief known as withholding of removal. <a href="#_edn5" name="_ednref5">[v]</a> So that basically leaves aggravated felons the option of applying for deferral of removal under the Convention Against Torture – a form of relief that requires applicants to demonstrate that if deported, they would face a clear probability of torture at the hands of or with the acquiescence of a public official.<a href="#_edn6" name="_ednref6">[vi]</a> Needless to say, this is a very difficult form of relief to obtain.   And so given these extremely harsh legal consequences, Francisco was left with no recourse but to essentially beg a government official to exercise compassion and to please not rip his life apart (not to mention the lives of his wife and children) based on the one unfortunate mistake he made and presumably in light of the U.S. Attorney’s concession that he posed no danger to the community.   And last week, that government official, in a manner that can only be described as Kafkaesque, responded (<em>in a one sentence email</em>) that she would not grant such request. While underscoring the tragedy of our immigration policy towards non-violent drug offenders, this story also highlights how crucial it is for non-citizens to avoid at all costs any conviction constituting an aggravated felony, and if possible any drug conviction, as the consequences of such offenses (as this story illustrates) are extraordinarily severe.</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1">[i]</a> <em>See </em>Rene Feltz “Why US drug reform still couldn’t stop deportation of two immigrants,” <em>The Guardian</em>, April 1, 2016, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/01/us-immigration-deportation-drug-reform-junior-francisco">http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/01/us-immigration-deportation-drug-reform-junior-francisco</a></p>
<p><a href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2">[ii]</a> <em>Id. </em></p>
<p><a href="#_ednref3" name="_edn3">[iii]</a> <em>See </em>INA §§ 237(a)(2) (A)(iii); 101(a)(43)(B).</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref4" name="_edn4">[iv]</a> <em>See </em>INA §240A(a).</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref5" name="_edn5">[v]</a> <em>See </em>INA §208(b)(2)(B)(i).</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref6" name="_edn6">[vi]</a> <em>See Matter of J-F-F-</em>, 23 I&amp;N Dec. 912, 917 (AG 2006) (quoting <em>Nuru v. Gonzales</em>, 404 F.3d 1207, 1221 (9th Cir. 2005). <em>See also</em> 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2).</p>
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		<title>THE PLIGHT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IS TRAGIC BUT LET’S NOT FORGET ABOUT THE NEARLY TWO THOUSAND CENTRAL AMERICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN REFUGEES THE U.S. GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO DETAIN AT A FOR-PROFIT INTERNMENT CAMP IN DILLEY, TEXAS</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/the-plight-of-syrian-refugees-is-tragic-but-lets-not-forget-about-the-nearly-two-thousand-central-american-women-and-children-refugees-the-u-s-government-continues-to-detain-at-a-for-profit/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=the-plight-of-syrian-refugees-is-tragic-but-lets-not-forget-about-the-nearly-two-thousand-central-american-women-and-children-refugees-the-u-s-government-continues-to-detain-at-a-for-profit</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2015 00:27:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Asylum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Detention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family Immigration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=231</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[As the horrific conflict in Syria enters its fifth year, the “refugee crisis” generated by the hostilities in that region continues to dominate the media – and for good reason: An estimated four million people have fled Syria since the war began in 2011 resulting in an unprecedented crisis for Europe in regards to how [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As the horrific conflict in Syria enters its fifth year, the “refugee crisis” generated by the hostilities in that region continues to dominate the media – and for good reason: An estimated four million people have fled Syria since the war began in 2011 resulting in an unprecedented crisis for Europe in regards to how to absorb the men, women and children fleeing the epic violence that has engulfed the country.   And yet, another refugee crisis involving Central American women and children continues to unfold at our own border. These women and children have fled violence in their countries and sought refuge in the United States only to be illegally jailed in for-profit internment camps.</p>
<p>In the last week of July 2015, I had the privilege of volunteering with the CARA Family Detention Pro Bono Project at the Southwest Family Detention Center in Dilley, Texas. CARA is a highly dedicated coalition of attorneys and non-attorney volunteers dedicated to providing legal and advocacy services to the women and children detainees in Dilley and to ending family detention.   As a consequence of my participation as an attorney volunteer, I observed first hand the psychological violence that U.S. family detention policy continues to inflict on Central American refugee women and children. I also met a lot of inspiring and dedicated volunteers and the experience was one of the most meaningful ones I have had as an attorney.</p>
<p>In two scathing orders, a federal judge has declared the Obama administration’s policy of detaining minors to be in violation of a class action settlement agreement reached in 1997 and therefore illegal.<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1">[1]</a> And yet, the administration continues to aggressively pursue family detention based on frivolous legal theories that barely pass the laugh test.   The administration’s family detention policy becomes even more grotesque if one considers the enormous profits Correction Corporation of America (the for-profit private prison contractor employed by the Federal government to house the women and children at Dilley) makes off of the human suffering perpetuated at the internment camp it euphemistically refers to as a “family detention center.”<a href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2">[2]</a></p>
<p>The overwhelming majority of the women and children I represented in bond proceedings were from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. Nearly all were under 30 and some were as young as 18. All were jailed with their children. Most were fleeing unspeakable violence at the hands of gangs, drug traffickers, and in numerous instances, domestic violence, not to mention extreme poverty. And of course, all of the women endured enormous hardships in traveling from their countries through Mexico before ultimately arriving in the United States.   Many of the kids I encountered were sick with colds, earaches and coughs and their mothers frequently complained of inadequate or virtually non-existent medical care at the facility.</p>
<p>A palpable sense of lawlessness pervades the detention facility in Dilley. During the week I was there, ICE officers summoned women detainees (nearly all of whom had been represented by CARA attorneys) to a court room (outside the presence of counsel) in an effort to force them (through misinformation and coercion) to forgo their right to seek a monetary bond and instead agree to be released with an ankle bracelet – an embarrassing and stigmatizing apparatus that although allows a detainee to be released without putting up any money nevertheless requires periodic reporting in person to ICE for potentially the entire duration of the woman’s court proceedings, which once released from custody, could amount to as long as five years. Naturally, none of this was explained to the women.   And the use of the courtroom by ICE for this purpose (aside from violating the women’s right to counsel) caused confusion and disorientation as many detainees mistakenly believed that they were attending a court hearing, when in fact they were not.</p>
<p>A particularly zealous CARA attorney and colleague of mine learned that one of his clients had been summoned to one of these meetings after a Judge had ordered her released from custody subject to a monetary bond and was erroneously informed by ICE at this gathering that she must accept release with an ankle apparatus.   So the attorney raised hell with ICE and then filed a motion with the Immigration Court seeking redress for the numerous violations incurred by ICE as result of this practice. By the end of the week, he was forcibly removed from facility without explanation.</p>
<p>Notwithstanding the pathetic and disingenuous arguments of the Obama administration, family detention cannot be justified either morally or legally.   And it is particularly troubling that it continues despite its blatant illegality and in the absence of any mass protest in this country. Hopefully coverage of the Syrian refugee problem will spark a renewed emphasis and comparable expression of compassion for the women and children seeking refuge at our own southern border.</p>
<p><a href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1">[1]</a> <em>See </em>Cindy Carcamo, “Judge Orders Prompt Release Of Immigrant Children From Detention,” <em>Los Angeles Times</em>, August 22, 2015, <a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-family-detention-children-20150821-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-family-detention-children-20150821-story.html</a></p>
<p><a href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2">[2]</a> <em>See </em>Betsy Woodruff, “Prison Gets Rich Locking Up Preschoolers,” <em>The Daily Beast</em>, September 8, 2015, <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/08/america-s-most-lucrative-preschooler-prison.html">http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/08/america-s-most-lucrative-preschooler-prison.html</a>; Aseem Mehta, “A Jail For Babies: Absurdity and Abuse At The American Border,” <em>Fusion</em>, July 22, 2015, <a href="http://fusion.net/story/170590/a-jail-for-babies-absurdity-and-abuse-at-the-american-border/">http://fusion.net/story/170590/a-jail-for-babies-absurdity-and-abuse-at-the-american-border/</a></p>
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		<title>Unpacking Asylum: Not Every Type Of Harm Is Protected</title>
		<link>https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/unpacking-asylum-not-every-type-harm-is-protected/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=unpacking-asylum-not-every-type-harm-is-protected</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron M. Morrison]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2015 01:13:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Asylum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Immigration Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Removal / Deportation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://morrisonimmigrationlaw.com/?p=213</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[To qualify for asylum, applicants must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in the event they are forced to return to their country.   The applicant must further demonstrate that the persecution they fear is on account of either race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.[1] Moreover, the persecution they fear [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To qualify for asylum, applicants must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in the event they are forced to return to their country.   The applicant must further demonstrate that the persecution they fear is on account of either race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">[1]</a> Moreover, the persecution they fear must be at the hands of the government or someone the government is unwilling or unable to control.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">[2]</a> To qualify for asylum, you must file your application within a year of your last entry to the United States.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">[3]</a> A year after having been granted asylum, applicants are eligible to adjust their status to that of a lawful permanent resident.<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">[4]</a></p>
<p>Given the definition set forth above, there are several things to keep in mind in regards to asylum claims:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>The fact that there is a lot of violence in one’s country does not by itself qualify one for asylum.</strong> The law does not protect every type of fear that one may have of returning to one’s native country. Again, the fear of harm must be “on account of” one of the specified grounds set forth in the statute, such as race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5">[5]</a> Generalized conditions of violence will not suffice.</li>
<li><strong>The harm must rise to the level of persecution</strong>. Persecution generally does not mean discrimination, economic or emotional hardship. So the fact that you have no family in your native country, would have a hard time finding a job, and would miss your family here in the U.S. if deported (while relevant for some other immigration forms of relief) will not qualify you for asylum.</li>
<li><strong>The harm feared must be at the hands of the government or someone the government is unwilling or unable to control</strong>.   Fear of harm related to private actors is not sufficient unless you can show that the government is unwilling or unable to protect you from private individuals.</li>
<li><strong>A showing of past persecution establishes a rebuttable presumption that an asylum applicant has a well-founded fear of future persecution</strong>. Upon a showing of past persecution, the burden shifts to the government to demonstrate that conditions in the applicant’s country have changed to such an extent that the fear of persecution is no longer well founded.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6">[6]</a> Therefore, it is crucial that applicants who have suffered harm in their countries prior to arriving in the U.S. submit as much corroborating evidence as possible.</li>
<li><strong>Even if you do not qualify for asylum, other related forms of protection might be available depending on the facts of your case</strong>. For example, relief under the Convention Against Torture – which requires an applicant to demonstrate that it is more likely than not that he or she will be tortured by or with the acquiescence of the government if deported – does not require the applicant to demonstrate that such torture is on account of a specified ground.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7">[7]</a> The fear of torture can be on account of any reason so long as it would be carried out by or with the acquiescence of the government.   However, protection under the Torture Convention (unlike asylum) does not lead to lawful permanent resident status; rather applicants granted this form of protection are permitted to remain in the U.S. and work, so long as the conditions in their countries giving rise to torture remain the same.</li>
<li><strong>You should consult a licensed attorney before deciding whether or not to apply, especially if you are not in removal proceedings as the filing of an asylum application with the Department of Homeland Security always carries the risk that the application will be referred to an Immigration Judge</strong>.   An experienced immigration attorney can assess your chances of qualifying for asylum, assist you with the preparation of the application and supporting evidence, and represent you at the asylum interview (or court hearing). Further, like immigration law in general, asylum is a very intricate and constantly evolving area of practice.  Applicants who fear returning to their countries because of reasons unrelated to political opinion, race, religion or nationality often attempt to qualify by asserting that they are members of a “particular social group” as defined under immigration law. The law in regards to the definition of “particular social group” is a heavily litigated area of immigration law and a thorough discussion of this aspect of asylum is well beyond the scope of this article. But generally, to qualify for asylum based on membership in a particular social group, an applicant must demonstrate (in addition to all the other statutory requirements) that the group is (1) defined by an <u>immutable characteristic</u> (i.e. one a person “cannot change, or should not be required to change.<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8">[8]</a>”); (2) is <u>socially distinct</u> (in that the society in question actually perceives the social group as such) and (3) <u>sufficiently particular</u> (in that the group’s boundaries can be delimited and verified by the society in question).<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9">[9]</a>  As you can imagine, crafting a successful asylum claim requires a substantial amount of research and preparation.   If you fear returning to your country because you might be subjected to persecution or torture, call our office now and so we can educate you about this process and help you make an informed decision as to how to proceed with your claim.</li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>PLEASE NOTE: The information contained in this article is not intended to constitute legal advice for any individual case or situation. This information is general and should not be relied on for any specific case. In order to obtain advice concerning your specific situation, contact an experienced immigration attorney for a personal consultation.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">[1]</a> INA §§101(a)(42)(A).  <em>Madrigal v. Holder, </em>716 F.3d 499, 506-07 (9th Cir. 2013).</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">[2]</a> <em>See id.  </em></p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">[3]</a> INA §208(a)(2)(B), (D).</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">[4]</a> INA §209.</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5">[5]</a> <em>See INS v. Elias-Zacarias</em>, 502 U.S. 478 (1992).</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6">[6]</a> 8 C.F.R. §208.13(b)(1)(i)(A).</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7">[7]</a> <em>See </em>8 C.F.R. §§208.16 to 208.18.</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8">[8]</a> <em>Matter of Acosta</em>, 19 I&amp;N Dec. 211, 233-34 (BIA 1985).</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9">[9]</a> <em>See Matter of W-G-R-, </em>26 I&amp;N Dec. 208 (BIA 2014) and <em>Matter of M-E-V-G-</em>, 26 I&amp;N Dec. 227 (BIA 2014).</p>
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